Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a condition that causes compression of the posterior tibial nerve in the ankle.
Although less well known than carpal tunnel syndrome, it can cause significant pain and affect quality of life.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the causes, symptoms and treatments available for this condition.
What is Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?
Tarsal tunnel syndrome occurs when the posterior tibial nerve is compressed within the tarsal tunnel, a structure located on the inside of the ankle.
This tunnel is formed by bones and the retinacular flexor ligament.
The compression can cause pain, numbness and weakness in the foot.
Causes of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
The main causes include:
- Trauma: Ankle fractures or sprains that inflame the ligament and compress the nerve.
- Overload: Activities involving repetitive and forceful movements of the foot.
- Biomechanical defects: Flat feet or high arches that increase pressure in the tarsal tunnel.
- Systemic Diseases: Diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and varicose veins that can affect circulation and nerves.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Symptoms
The most common symptoms are:
- Ankle and Foot Pain: Especially in the inner part and sole of the foot.
- Paresthesias: Tingling, burning and prickling sensation in the foot.
- Muscle Weakness: May lead to difficulty in moving the foot.
- Worsening with Activity: Pain that increases with walking, running or prolonged standing.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Diagnosis
The diagnosis is made by means of:
- Physical Examination: Evaluation of symptoms and specific tests such as the Tinel test.
- Electromyography: To determine the functionality of the nerve.
- Diagnostic Imaging: X-rays or MRI to identify possible compressions.
Conservative Treatments
Before considering surgery, conservative treatments are recommended, such as:
- Rest and Ice: To reduce inflammation and pain.
- Physiotherapy: Exercises to improve foot flexibility and strength.
- Orthotics: Customized insoles to relieve pressure on the nerve.
- Medications: Anti-inflammatory and analgesics for pain.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Surgery
If conservative treatments are not effective, surgery may be necessary to relieve the nerve compression.
Surgery involves releasing the retinacular flexor ligament to decompress the tibial nerve.
Benefits of Surgery
- Pain Relief: Significant reduction of chronic pain.
- Improved Function: Recovery of foot strength and mobility.
Recovery Process
- Postoperative period: The patient may require a period of immobilization and use of crutches.
- Rehabilitation: Physical therapy exercises to restore mobility and strength.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Prevention
To prevent this condition, it is recommended:
- Wear Appropriate Footwear: Shoes that offer good support and cushioning.
- Avoid overloads: Moderate activities that involve repetitive foot movements.
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: To reduce pressure on the feet.
- Stretching Exercises: To maintain the flexibility of the tendons and ligaments of the foot.
Conclusion
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a treatable condition, and with proper diagnosis, patients can find significant relief.
Surgery is a viable option for those who do not respond to conservative treatments, offering a definitive solution to foot pain and dysfunction.
If you are experiencing symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome and conservative treatments have not worked, do not hesitate to contact Clínica San Román.
Our team of specialists is here to offer you the best care and personalized treatment. Contact us today to schedule an appointment and say goodbye to ankle and foot pain.
