Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment
What is tarsal tunnel?
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a compressive neuropathy that affects the posterior tibial nerve as it passes through the tarsal tunnel, a structure located in the ankle. This condition can cause pain, tingling and numbness in the foot, and if left untreated, can lead to permanent nerve damage. At Clínica San Román, we offer a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis and treatment of this condition, helping our patients recover their quality of life.
Causes of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
Tarsal tunnel syndrome can be caused by a variety of causes, among the most common are:
- Trauma or Injury: Fractures, sprains or any injury that causes inflammation or compression of the tarsal tunnel can trigger the syndrome.
- Inflammatory Conditions: Diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes can cause inflammation in the tarsal tunnel area, affecting the tibial nerve.
- Anomalous Anatomy: The presence of anomalous anatomical structures, such as varicose veins, ganglions or tumors, can compress the nerve.
- Biomechanical Problems: Flat feet or very high arches can alter the biomechanics of the foot, increasing pressure in the tarsal tunnel.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Symptoms
Symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome can vary in intensity and location, but commonly include:
- Pain: Burning or sharp pain inside the ankle and foot.
- Tingling and Numbness: Tingling sensations or numbness in the heel, arch, sole or toes.
- Electric Shock Sensation: Sensations similar to electric shocks that may radiate from the ankle to the toes.
- Weakness: In severe cases, there may be weakness of the foot muscles.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of tarsal tunnel syndrome requires a thorough evaluation that may include:
- Clinical History and Physical Examination: Detailed evaluation of symptoms, medical history and a physical examination to identify signs of nerve compression.
- Imaging tests: Studies such as MRI or ultrasound can help visualize structures that may be compressing the nerve.
- Electromyography and Nerve Conduction Studies: These tests measure the electrical activity of the muscles and nerve conduction velocity, helping to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment of tarsal tunnel syndrome can be conservative or surgical, depending on the severity of symptoms and the underlying cause.
Conservative Treatments
- Rest and Activity Modification: Reduce or avoid activities that exacerbate symptoms.
- Medications: Anti-inflammatories and analgesics can help manage pain and inflammation.
- Physical Therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises, along with neural mobilization techniques.
- Orthotics: Orthopedic insoles to improve foot biomechanics and reduce pressure on the nerve.
- Injections: Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
Surgical Treatments
- Tarsal Tunnel Release: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to decompress the tibial nerve, eliminating pressure caused by abnormal structures or inflamed tissue.
Prevention
Preventing tarsal tunnel syndrome involves maintaining good foot health and taking measures to reduce the risk of nerve compression:
- Proper Footwear: Wear shoes that offer good support and cushioning.
- Weight Control: Maintain a healthy body weight to reduce pressure on the feet.
- Regular Exercise: Perform exercises that strengthen the muscles of the foot and ankle, and improve flexibility.
- Medical Condition Monitoring: Monitor inflammatory and metabolic diseases such as diabetes and arthritis.
Conclusion
At Clínica San Román, we are committed to providing comprehensive and personalized treatment for tarsal tunnel syndrome.
Our team of specialists uses advanced technology and innovative techniques to ensure the best possible outcome for our patients.
If you are experiencing symptoms of this condition, we invite you to contact us for a complete evaluation and appropriate treatment plan.
