Los juanetes, conocidos médicamente como hallux valgus son una deformidad progresiva y compleja que afecta la parte delantera del pie, caracterizada por la desviación del dedo gordo y una protuberancia ósea en la articulación del primer dedo. Esta condición, que se desarrolla gradualmente a lo largo de la vida, puede provocar dolor y otras deformidades asociadas, como los dedos en garra, martillo o cuello de cisne. La operación de juanetes se presenta como una solución definitiva para corregir esta deformidad, y gracias a los avances en técnicas quirúrgicas, hoy en día se puede optar por una cirugía mínima invasiva. Este artículo busca desmitificar este procedimiento, explicando qué pueden esperar los pacientes antes, durante y después de la operación.
Before Surgery
Antes de decidir sobre la operación de juanetes, es esencial realizar una evaluación completa. Esto incluye un examen físico detallado y estudios de imagen como radiografías, para determinar el grado de deformidad. El especialista explicará las opciones quirúrgicas disponibles, considerando factores como la edad del paciente y las condiciones médicas asociadas.
During Surgery
Minimally invasive bunion surgery is performed under local anesthesia and does not require screws or pins. Depending on the degree of bunion deformity, there are two main approaches: Surgery without osteotomy for mild bunions: Involves simple resection of the bony deformity of the bunion, allowing rapid recovery with minimal discomfort. Surgery with osteotomy for moderate to severe bunions: Involves resection of the bony protrusion and correction of the toe angles. In cases of associated deformities such as claw toes, they will be addressed in the same procedure. These techniques allow a less invasive intervention, with small incisions, reducing the risk of complications and favoring a faster recovery.
Postoperative and Recovery
The postoperative period varies according to the technique used. For mild cases, the postoperative period usually lasts about a week, with almost immediate mobility and little pain. In more complex cases, recovery can take up to 40 days, although patients can walk from the first day with a special post-surgical shoe. During this time, it is important to follow the specialist’s instructions, such as rehabilitation exercises, wound care and, in some cases, the use of orthopedic insoles.
Realistic Expectations
It is crucial to have realistic expectations about the results of surgery. While the goal is to correct deformity, relieve pain and improve foot function, each patient is unique and results may vary.
Conclusion
Bunion surgery, performed using minimally invasive techniques, offers an effective solution to a painful and limiting condition. By better understanding the procedure, patients can make informed decisions and prepare for a successful recovery. As always, consultation with a specialist is the first step in addressing any concerns related to bunions and exploring available treatment options.
